涉外公證翻譯中的幾點個人體會
涉外公證翻譯中的幾點個人體會
我們(men)知道涉(she)外(wai)(wai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)是指我國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)機關(guan)依法(fa)(fa)辦(ban)理的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)項，發往(wang)國(guo)外(wai)(wai)使用所出具的(de)證(zheng)(zheng)明文(wen)(wen)(wen)書。隨著全球經濟一體(ti)化趨勢(shi) (Trend in Economic Globalization)的(de)增強，我國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民，尤其是大、中學生出國(guo)勢(shi)頭一浪高過一浪，因此(ci)，涉(she)外(wai)(wai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)涉(she)及面(mian)也可謂愈(yu)來愈(yu)廣。涉(she)外(wai)(wai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)工作多集(ji)中于婚(hun)姻狀況公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)、學歷(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)、未受刑(xing)事(shi)制裁公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)（無刑(xing)事(shi)犯罪記錄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)）、親屬關(guan)系公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)收養公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)等。為了使用方便，大多數發往(wang)國(guo)外(wai)(wai)的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)書均要附有(you)英(ying)文(wen)(wen)(wen)譯(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，有(you)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)還要求對涉(she)外(wai)(wai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)書應出具“中文(wen)(wen)(wen)與(yu)譯(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)相(xiang)符”的(de)證(zheng)(zheng)明文(wen)(wen)(wen)件，以證(zheng)(zheng)明其內容(rong)的(de)真實和(he)可靠(kao)。所以能(neng)否(fou)準確地(di)英(ying)譯(yi)涉(she)外(wai)(wai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)書，直接影(ying)響我國(guo)對外(wai)(wai)開放政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)落實和(he)我國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民、法(fa)(fa)人(ren)在域(yu)外(wai)(wai)的(de)合法(fa)(fa)權(quan)益。本文(wen)(wen)(wen)擬就公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)書言辭等的(de)英(ying)文(wen)(wen)(wen)翻譯(yi)談談個人(ren)體(ti)會。
一、 涉(she)外繼承公證
原文：繼承人：王利，女，1940年4月20日出生，現住ⅩⅩ省ⅩⅩ市、光明路33號。
被繼承人：李明，男，生前住美國西雅圖克拉克大街第二十二號。
查李明于(yu)1991年9月20日在ⅩⅩⅩ（地名）死亡。死后在ⅩⅩⅩ（地名）留有遺(yi)產。死者(zhe)(zhe)生前立有遺(yi)囑。根據死者(zhe)(zhe)遺(yi)囑，死者(zhe)(zhe)李明的遺(yi)產應由王利繼(ji)承。
分(fen)析：涉外(wai)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)或被(bei)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)方在域外(wai)的(de)(de)財(cai)產(chan)(chan)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)適宜。這(zhe)(zhe)類公證(zheng)書的(de)(de)英譯(yi)(yi)應(ying)注意以(yi)下幾個問題(ti)：（1）“繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”，有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)譯(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)“successor”不(bu)(bu)妥(tuo)。因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)“successor”主要(yao)指(zhi)“a person who takes an office or position formerly held by another”,如：“王位的(de)(de)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”譯(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)“the successor to the Throne”.涉外(wai)公證(zheng)書的(de)(de)“繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)“a person who has the lawful right to receive the property of one who dies”,故應(ying)選用“heir”.（2）“遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)”一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)很重要(yao)的(de)(de)，漢英詞(ci)(ci)典上有legacy, estate, inheritance，但(dan)這(zhe)(zhe)幾個詞(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)有很大(da)區別的(de)(de)：“legacy”主要(yao)指(zhi)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)中的(de)(de)動(dong)產(chan)(chan)部分(fen)；“estate”指(zhi)被(bei)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)死后留下尚未被(bei)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)全部遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)，既包括動(dong)產(chan)(chan)也(ye)有不(bu)(bu)動(dong)產(chan)(chan)；“inheritance”指(zhi)已被(bei)當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)了的(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)。因(yin)(yin)此，“遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)”一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)應(ying)譯(yi)(yi)成“estate”.（3）“遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)”一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)在漢英詞(ci)(ci)典上有testament, will, dying words, 但(dan)這(zhe)(zhe)些詞(ci)(ci)在法律上也(ye)不(bu)(bu)都是(shi)(shi)同義詞(ci)(ci)。在公證(zheng)書中，“遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)”一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)般指(zhi)正式(shi)的(de)(de)“書面遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)”，選用“will”較妥(tuo)；“生前立有遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)”，有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)譯(yi)(yi)成“made a will”就不(bu)(bu)如“had a will”,因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)“made a will”只強調當時(shi)的(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)，而公證(zheng)機關在出具(ju)公證(zheng)書時(shi)，是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據(ju)當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提供的(de)(de)、經公證(zheng)機關審查的(de)(de)真實(shi)、合法的(de)(de)書面遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)，所以(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)里強調的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)結果。（4）“遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)應(ying)由ⅩⅩⅩ繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)承(cheng)(cheng)”應(ying)譯(yi)(yi)成“estate is to be inherited by ⅩⅩⅩ”，“to be to do ”表示按遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)安排一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)實(shi)行(xing)的(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。
二：涉外學歷公證
原文：茲證明施平（男，1963年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)21日(ri)出(chu)生(sheng)）于1985年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)入ⅩⅩ大學英語系(xi)學習，學制四年(nian)，于1989年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)畢業(ye)。
分析：學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機關證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明當事(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)成績單、畢業證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書、學(xue)(xue)(xue)位證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書的(de)(de)真實性、合法性的(de)(de)活(huo)動。當事(shi)人(ren)(ren)辦理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)主要用(yong)于國外留學(xue)(xue)(xue)、謀職(zhi)或向一(yi)(yi)些國家申(shen)請(qing)領(ling)取補助費(fei)，所以(yi)向國外發出的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都需附有經過校對無(wu)誤(wu)的(de)(de)英譯(yi)文。翻(fan)譯(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)應(ying)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)問題主要有兩(liang)個：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)“入(ru)(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)”一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)的(de)(de)翻(fan)譯(yi)，學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)主要證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明的(de)(de)是(shi)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)上的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)，因此“入(ru)(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)”一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)應(ying)譯(yi)成“to be enrolled in”，而“to start school”主要指(zhi)“開始(shi)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)”，“to enter a school”一(yi)(yi)般指(zhi)“進(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)中(zhong)等學(xue)(xue)(xue)校學(xue)(xue)(xue)習(xi)”；二是(shi)“畢業”一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)的(de)(de)翻(fan)譯(yi)，在(zai)近幾年的(de)(de)涉外公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書中(zhong)有的(de)(de)當事(shi)人(ren)(ren)要求證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明中(zhong)等學(xue)(xue)(xue)校的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)歷(li)(li)，這樣(yang)“畢業”一(yi)(yi)詞(ci)譯(yi)成“to finish school”就可以(yi)了，而“graduate”是(shi)指(zhi)“to complete a university degree course”，所以(yi)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)“畢業”才使用(yong)“graduate”。
三、 涉(she)外遺囑公證
原文：茲證明張三（男，1936年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)1日出生）于(yu)1990年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)7日來到我處，在(zai)我的面(mian)前，在(zai)前面(mian)其本人所(suo)立的遺囑(zhu)上(shang)簽(qian)名(ming)。
分(fen)析：遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機關(guan)對(dui)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)設立(li)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行為的(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)性、合法性予以證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活動。在英(ying)譯(yi)時，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要處理(li)好“在我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)前(qian)，在前(qian)面(mian)(mian)其本人(ren)(ren)所(suo)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)簽(qian)名(ming)”。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)可以是(shi)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)口述，公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)員(yuan)記錄，但必須由(you)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)在公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)前(qian)簽(qian)名(ming)。“在我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)前(qian)”意(yi)指“公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)員(yuan)在場”，譯(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)“in my presence”。“在遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)簽(qian)名(ming)”，有人(ren)(ren)譯(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)“sign (one’s) name on the testament” ，不太象行話(hua)，顯得很隨便(bian)，應譯(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)“affix (one’s) signature to the testament” 。“affix” 意(yi)思是(shi)附(fu)著于，用于非常正(zheng)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)場合。如果立(li)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)不會(hui)寫字也可在遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)蓋上(shang)(shang)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)印章，譯(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)“affix (one’s) seal to the testament” 但請注意(yi)，“testament” 前(qian)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)介(jie)詞選(xuan)用to 是(shi)表示(shi)一(yi)種歸屬關(guan)系；“遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”后面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)個定(ding)(ding)語(yu)(yu)“本人(ren)(ren)所(suo)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)”譯(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)分(fen)詞短語(yu)(yu)“made by (one) self” ，第二(er)個定(ding)(ding)語(yu)(yu)“在前(qian)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)”譯(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)定(ding)(ding)語(yu)(yu)從句“which is attached hereto”，因為遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)是(shi)把“遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)囑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”文件排在前(qian)面(mian)(mian)，公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)機關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)排在后面(mian)(mian)。與之(zhi)相(xiang)類(lei)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)有涉外(wai)(wai)聲明(ming)書(shu)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)和涉外(wai)(wai)委托書(shu)公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。
四、 涉(she)外(wai)收養公證
原文：收養人：趙明，男，1946年1月3日出生，現住西班牙，馬德里，ⅩⅩ路ⅩⅩ號。
張莉：女，1948年3月14 日出生，現住西班牙，馬德里，ⅩⅩ路ⅩⅩ號。
被收養人：ⅩⅩ，男，1990年9月9日出生。
茲證明(ming)被收養(yang)ⅩⅩ于1990年(nian)9月9日(ri)出生于ⅩⅩ醫(yi)院(yuan)，其父母(mu)愿將此嬰(ying)(ying)兒送養(yang)他(ta)人(ren)，并委(wei)托醫(yi)院(yuan)辦理。收養(yang)人(ren)趙明(ming)、張莉與該醫(yi)院(yuan)協商，決定于1990年(nian)9月12日(ri)收養(yang)此嬰(ying)(ying)兒，并取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)趙偉。
分(fen)析：涉(she)外(wai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，主要(yao)指(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)中國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)、中國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)外(wai)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)女(nv)、或(huo)海外(wai)華僑或(huo)港澳同胞回大陸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)女(nv)的民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)法律(lv)行為(wei)。英譯收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)下列問題(ti)：（1）“收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”不(bu)能簡單(dan)地譯成(cheng)“adopter”或(huo)“consignee”因(yin)為(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)法律(lv)上“收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)關系”成(cheng)立后，收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與被(bei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之間便發生了父(fu)(fu)母(mu)子(zi)女(nv)關系，即(ji)“養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)與養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)女(nv)”的關系，故應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)“收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”譯成(cheng)“adoptive”。而“adopter”是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)一般的“收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”或(huo)“領養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”；“consignee”主要(yao)指(zhi)(zhi)“受托(tuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“代售人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”等(deng)。（2）“被(bei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”直(zhi)譯為(wei)“adopted person”就可(ke)以了，因(yin)為(wei)托(tuo)醫(yi)院(yuan)辦(ban)理收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)關系的“被(bei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”大都是(shi)嬰(ying)兒(er)(er)，況且在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)證(zheng)書中還(huan)要(yao)證(zheng)明其性別和出生，是(shi)“adopted son”還(huan)是(shi)“adopted daughter”是(shi)不(bu)言(yan)而喻(yu)的。（3）“其父(fu)(fu)母(mu)”不(bu)應(ying)(ying)譯成(cheng)“his/her parents”，因(yin)為(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)關系中，當事(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有三種(zhong)：即(ji)：收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、被(bei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和送(song)(song)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。這里的送(song)(song)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主要(yao)是(shi)被(bei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的生身父(fu)(fu)母(mu)（當然也不(bu)排除有其他監護人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)），所以“其父(fu)(fu)母(mu)”是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)嬰(ying)兒(er)(er)的生父(fu)(fu)母(mu)，應(ying)(ying)譯成(cheng)“his/her natural parents”，以區(qu)別于“adoptive parents”。（4）在(zai)(zai)(zai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)關系中，送(song)(song)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)把自己的子(zi)女(nv)送(song)(song)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)完全(quan)心甘情(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)的，所以“愿(yuan)(yuan)將(jiang)此(ci)嬰(ying)兒(er)(er)送(song)(song)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”應(ying)(ying)譯成(cheng)“to express (one’s) willingness to have the infant taken in by someone else”；在(zai)(zai)(zai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)關系中，送(song)(song)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一般不(bu)愿(yuan)(yuan)和收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)接觸，所以委托(tuo)醫(yi)院(yuan)與收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)商定(ding)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)宜，應(ying)(ying)譯成(cheng)“to entrust the hospital to make the arrangement”。
此外，在(zai)翻譯過程(cheng)中,還(huan)有一些細節是需要特別注意的:
一、標題的翻譯(The Translations of Headings)
涉(she)外(wai)公(gong)(gong)證(zheng)翻(fan)譯(yi)工作(zuo)量最(zui)多的往(wang)往(wang)是：畢(bi)業(ye)證(zheng)公(gong)(gong)證(zheng)書（Notarization of Diploma）、學位證(zheng)公(gong)(gong)證(zheng)書（Notarization of Degree Certificate）、成(cheng)績單(dan)公(gong)(gong)證(zheng)書（Notarization of Academic Transcription）、親(qin)屬關系公(gong)(gong)證(zheng)書（Notarization of Family Relation）、婚(hun)姻狀況公(gong)(gong)證(zheng)書（Notarization of Marital Status）、無刑事犯(fan)罪記(ji)錄公(gong)(gong)證(zheng)書（Notarization of No Record of Criminal Offense）、及（涉(she)外(wai)）收(shou)養(yang)公(gong)(gong)證(zheng)書（Notarization of Adoption）等。當然，在實踐(jian)工作(zuo)中，以上(shang)各分類(lei)標題都可籠統地譯(yi)為：“Notarization”或(huo)“Notarial Certificate”。
翻譯標題時應注意以下問題：
1.標題中不能用引號（Quotation Marks）及句號（Periods）
2.標題要在公證書上方中央位置（Center Top）；
3.公證書標題必須全部大寫（Capitalize All Letters）或大寫標題中每個單詞的第一個字母（Capitalize the Very First Letter of Each Word）。還有，在翻譯諸如畢業證公證書時，標題部分應將漢語中應該加書名號的部分用斜體表示（Italicized）、劃下劃線（Underlined）或大寫（Capitalized）。
4. 標(biao)題中(zhong)的冠詞（Articles）及(ji)少(shao)于5個字母的連詞（Conjunctions）、介(jie)詞（Prepositions）不應大寫，除非位于句首；受(shou)公(gong)證(zheng)書類型限制，在公(gong)證(zheng)書標(biao)題中(zhong)一(yi)般不會出現象“Between”這樣長的連詞或介(jie)詞。
此(ci)外，公(gong)證(zheng)書(shu)標題的(de)(de)翻譯(yi)(yi)(yi)應追求準確(que)、簡潔(jie)。比如將(jiang)“畢業(ye)證(zheng)”譯(yi)(yi)(yi)作“Graduation Certificate”，這就不如用(yong)“Diploma”簡潔(jie)。還有(you)，在譯(yi)(yi)(yi)“學(xue)(xue)位證(zheng)公(gong)證(zheng)書(shu)”時如采用(yong)《英(ying)漢-漢英(ying)雙向法律(lv)字(zi)典》中“學(xue)(xue)位證(zheng)書(shu)（Diploma）”的(de)(de)譯(yi)(yi)(yi)法顯然(ran)會造成與畢業(ye)證(zheng)表達(da)上的(de)(de)混(hun)亂。那么，能否(fou)區別對待？比如說具體稱(cheng)之為“文(wen)科學(xue)(xue)士學(xue)(xue)位公(gong)證(zheng)書(shu)”（Notarization of B.A. Degree）或“理(li)工科碩士學(xue)(xue)位公(gong)證(zheng)書(shu)”（Notarization of M.S. Degree）等(deng)等(deng)。
二、公證(zheng)書正(zheng)文即(ji)公證(zheng)詞的翻(fan)譯（The Translations of the Body Part）應(ying)忠實(shi)于(yu)原文（Conformity）
我就(jiu)曾犯過這樣的錯誤：
This is to certify that Wang, who is male and was born on May 1, 1964, and Hao, who is female and was born on October 19, 1965, registered marriage on October 1,1992 at the registration office of Civil Affairs Department, Inner Mongolia.
這(zhe)篇譯文(wen)的(de)缺陷之一在(zai)(zai)于時(shi)態。筆者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“Registered”一詞為(wei)(wei)(wei)動詞的(de)過去式(shi)，表(biao)明的(de)是(shi)過去發生這(zhe)一登記結婚的(de)事實而不能證明現(xian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)婚姻狀況是(shi)離異（Divorced）、喪偶(ou)（Widowed）還是(shi)分居（Separate）。這(zhe)樣便不能滿足語言語法的(de)周密性、準確性要(yao)求。因此，筆者(zhe)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)將時(shi)態改為(wei)(wei)(wei)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)完成(cheng)時(shi)態，以表(biao)達(da)“一直持(chi)續(xu)到現(xian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)狀態”要(yao)妥一些。缺陷之二(er)在(zai)(zai)于譯文(wen)不夠簡(jian)潔。建議該為(wei)(wei)(wei)：
This is to certify that Wang (male, born on May 1, 1964) and Hao (female, born on October 19, 1965) have been married since on October 1, 1992 at the registration office of Civil Affairs Department, Inner Mongolia.
三、涉外公證書的落(luo)款（Close）
涉外公證書譯文正下方須注明：
1.公證員（Notary）姓名和簽名（Signature）或蓋章（Stamp）；
2.公證處名稱及蓋章；
3.“中華人民共和國”（The People’s Republic of China）字樣；
4. 日(ri)期(qi)。日(ri)期(qi)的(de)格式(shi)一般為月/日(ri)/年。
還要補充(chong)的就(jiu)是，通常(chang)，公證(zheng)(zheng)處需要擔保人出(chu)具財(cai)產(chan)證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)或銀行存款證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)（Bank Savings Statement）。所有(you)這(zhe)些均(jun)附在公證(zheng)(zheng)材料的后面。在涉及財(cai)產(chan)證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)時，有(you)時會(hui)遇到個體(ti)工商戶(hu)（Individual Business）的營業執照（Business License）。在逐項翻(fan)譯(yi)中會(hui)遇到如(ru)“某(mou)某(mou)市/縣工商行政管理局”印(yin)章。認為(wei)不(bu)應(ying)譯(yi)作“Commercial and Industrial Administration Bureau of City (Prefecture) /County x”，而(er)應(ying)譯(yi)為(wei)“x City (Prefecture)/County Administration of Industry and Commerce”。因為(wei)，“Administration”一詞本身便有(you)“executive branch of a government”的意思，即“行政機關、局（署）等”。
記得我還在(zai)校讀書時,老師就告訴(su)過(guo)我們(men)翻(fan)譯(yi)標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)遵(zun)照嚴復先(xian)生(sheng)的(de)(de)“信、達、雅”或魯迅先(xian)生(sheng)的(de)(de)“信與(yu)順”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)。所謂“信”，是指(zhi)忠實于(yu)(yu)原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)內容，包括思想、感情(qing)、風格等，即把原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)完整而準(zhun)確(que)地表達于(yu)(yu)譯(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)中，對原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)內容盡可能不增(zeng)不減。所謂“順”，是指(zhi)用詞正確(que)得體，行文(wen)(wen)(wen)流暢通順，符(fu)合英語(yu)習慣(guan)；避免逐字死(si)譯(yi)、生(sheng)搬(ban)硬(ying)套，使不懂漢語(yu)的(de)(de)英語(yu)讀者也能看(kan)懂。就涉外公證文(wen)(wen)(wen)書英文(wen)(wen)(wen)翻(fan)譯(yi)而言，對“信”的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)，要(yao)求(qiu)更高，譯(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)需要(yao)做(zuo)到內容周(zhou)密,語(yu)言精確(que),忠于(yu)(yu)原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。所以我要(yao)學習的(de)(de)還很多很多。
本文作(zuo)者：謝勤(qin)超 南京妙文翻(fan)譯有限公司公證翻(fan)譯部(bu)摘(zhai)錄
